- Title : Petroleum & Gas Field Processing 06 by H.K. Abdel-Aal and Mohamed Aggour - King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, M.A Fahim Kuwait University Safat, Kuwait
- Publish : Marceld Ekkeirn, C New York Basel
- Type Document : pdf
- Release : December 2003
- Total Page : 15 page
- Size : 0.31 Mb
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Decrypted Contents
Desalting of Crude Oil
INTRODUCTION
The removal of salt from crude oil for refinery feed stocks has been and still is a mandatory step. This is particularly true if the salt content exceeds 20 PTB (pounds of salt, expressed as equivalent sodium chloride, per thousand barrels of oil).
The most economical place for the desalting process is usually in the refinery. However, when marketing or pipeline requirements are imposed, field plants are needed for processing the salty oil prior to shipping. The principles involved are the same whether desalting takes place at the refinery or in the field. Salt in crude oil is, in most cases, found dissolved in the remnant brine within the oil.
The remnant brine is that part of the salty water that cannot be further reduced by any of the dehydration methods described in the previous chapter. It is commonly reported as basic sediments and water (B.S.&W.). It is understood that this remnant water exists in the crude oil as a dispersion of very fine droplets highly emulsified in the bulk of oil. The mineral salts of this brine consist mainly of chlorides of sodium, calcium and magnesium. A summary of the properties of crude oil as received at the refinery is given in Table 1. Nelson [1] compiled the data given in Table 2 on the amount of salts found in oils for various regions in the world.
The amount of salt in the crude oil is a function of the amount of the brine that remains in the oil WR (% B.S.&W.) and of its salinity SR in parts per million (ppm). In other words, this relationship could be written in the following functional form (after Manning and Thompson [2]
The removal of salt from crude oil for refinery feed stocks has been and still is a mandatory step. This is particularly true if the salt content exceeds 20 PTB (pounds of salt, expressed as equivalent sodium chloride, per thousand barrels of oil).
The most economical place for the desalting process is usually in the refinery. However, when marketing or pipeline requirements are imposed, field plants are needed for processing the salty oil prior to shipping. The principles involved are the same whether desalting takes place at the refinery or in the field. Salt in crude oil is, in most cases, found dissolved in the remnant brine within the oil.
The remnant brine is that part of the salty water that cannot be further reduced by any of the dehydration methods described in the previous chapter. It is commonly reported as basic sediments and water (B.S.&W.). It is understood that this remnant water exists in the crude oil as a dispersion of very fine droplets highly emulsified in the bulk of oil. The mineral salts of this brine consist mainly of chlorides of sodium, calcium and magnesium. A summary of the properties of crude oil as received at the refinery is given in Table 1. Nelson [1] compiled the data given in Table 2 on the amount of salts found in oils for various regions in the world.
The amount of salt in the crude oil is a function of the amount of the brine that remains in the oil WR (% B.S.&W.) and of its salinity SR in parts per million (ppm). In other words, this relationship could be written in the following functional form (after Manning and Thompson [2]
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