- Title : Petroleum & Gas Field Processing 03 by H.K. Abdel-Aal and Mohamed Aggour - King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, M.A Fahim Kuwait University Safat, Kuwait
- Publish : Marceld Ekkeirn, C New York Basel
- Type Document : pdf
- Release : December 2003
- Total Page : 56 page
- Size : 0.86 Mb
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Decrypted Contents
Two-Phase Gas–Oil Separation
INTRODUCTION
At the high pressure existing at the bottom of the producing well, crude oil contains great quantities of dissolved gases. When crude oil is brought to the surface, it is at a much lower pressure. Consequently, the gases that were dissolved in it at the higher pressure tend to come out from the liquid. Some means must be provided to separate the gas from oil without losing too much oil.
In general, well effluents flowing from producing wells come out in two phases: vapor and liquid under a relatively high pressure. The fluid emerges as a mixture of crude oil and gas that is partly free and partly in solution. Fluid pressure should be lowered and its velocity should be reduced in order to separate the oil and obtain it in a stable form. This is usually done by admitting the well fluid into a gas–oil separator plant (GOSP) through which the pressure of the gas–oil mixture is successively reduced to atmospheric pressure in a few stages.
Upon decreasing the pressure in the GOSP, some of the lighter and more valuable hydrocarbon components that belong to oil will be unavoidably lost along with the gas into the vapor phase. This puts the gas–oil separation step as the initial one in the series of field treatment operations of crude oil. Here, the primary objective is to allow most of the gas to free itself from these valuable hydrocarbons, hence increasing the recovery of crude oil.
Crude oil as produced at the wellhead varies considerably from field to field due not only to its physical characteristics (as explained in Chapter 2) but also to the amount of gas and salt water it contains. In some fields, no salt water will flow into the well from the reservoir along with the produced oil. This is the case we are considering in this chapter, where it is only necessary to separate the gas from the oil; (i.e., two-phase separation).
At the high pressure existing at the bottom of the producing well, crude oil contains great quantities of dissolved gases. When crude oil is brought to the surface, it is at a much lower pressure. Consequently, the gases that were dissolved in it at the higher pressure tend to come out from the liquid. Some means must be provided to separate the gas from oil without losing too much oil.
In general, well effluents flowing from producing wells come out in two phases: vapor and liquid under a relatively high pressure. The fluid emerges as a mixture of crude oil and gas that is partly free and partly in solution. Fluid pressure should be lowered and its velocity should be reduced in order to separate the oil and obtain it in a stable form. This is usually done by admitting the well fluid into a gas–oil separator plant (GOSP) through which the pressure of the gas–oil mixture is successively reduced to atmospheric pressure in a few stages.
Upon decreasing the pressure in the GOSP, some of the lighter and more valuable hydrocarbon components that belong to oil will be unavoidably lost along with the gas into the vapor phase. This puts the gas–oil separation step as the initial one in the series of field treatment operations of crude oil. Here, the primary objective is to allow most of the gas to free itself from these valuable hydrocarbons, hence increasing the recovery of crude oil.
Crude oil as produced at the wellhead varies considerably from field to field due not only to its physical characteristics (as explained in Chapter 2) but also to the amount of gas and salt water it contains. In some fields, no salt water will flow into the well from the reservoir along with the produced oil. This is the case we are considering in this chapter, where it is only necessary to separate the gas from the oil; (i.e., two-phase separation).
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