- Title : Petroleum & Gas Field Processing 04 by H.K. Abdel-Aal and Mohamed Aggour - King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, M.A Fahim Kuwait University Safat, Kuwait
- Publish : Marceld Ekkeirn, C New York Basel
- Type Document : pdf
- Release : December 2003
- Total Page : 25 page
- Size : 0.35 Mb
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Decrypted Contents
Three-Phase Oil–Water–Gas Separation
INTRODUCTION
The concepts, theory, and sizing equations for two-phase gas–liquid separators have been discussed in Chapter 3. The material presented in Chapter 3 applies, in general, to the separation of any gas–liquid system such as gas–oil, gas–water, and gas–condensate systems. In almost all production operations, however, the produced fluid stream consists of three phases: oil, water, and gas.
Generally, water produced with the oil exists partly as free water and partly as water-in-oil emulsion. In some cases, however, when the water– oil ratio is very high, oil-in-water rather than water-in-oil emulsion will form. Free water produced with the oil is defined as the water that will settle and separate from the oil by gravity. To separate the emulsified water, however, heat treatment, chemical treatment, electrostatic treatment, or a combination of these treatments would be necessary in addition to gravity settling. This is discussed in Chapter 5. Therefore, it is advantageous to first separate the free water from the oil to minimize the treatment costs of the emulsion.
Along with the water and oil, gas will always be present and, therefore, must be separated from the liquid. The volume of gas depends largely on the producing and separation conditions. When the volume of gas is relatively small compared to the volume of liquid, the method used to separate free water, oil and gas is called a free-water knockout. In such a case, the separation of the water from oil will govern the design of the vessel. When there is a large volume of gas to be separated from the liquid (oil and water), the vessel is called a three-phase separator and either the gas capacity requirements or the water–oil separation constraints may govern the vessel design. Free-water knockout and three-phase separators
The concepts, theory, and sizing equations for two-phase gas–liquid separators have been discussed in Chapter 3. The material presented in Chapter 3 applies, in general, to the separation of any gas–liquid system such as gas–oil, gas–water, and gas–condensate systems. In almost all production operations, however, the produced fluid stream consists of three phases: oil, water, and gas.
Generally, water produced with the oil exists partly as free water and partly as water-in-oil emulsion. In some cases, however, when the water– oil ratio is very high, oil-in-water rather than water-in-oil emulsion will form. Free water produced with the oil is defined as the water that will settle and separate from the oil by gravity. To separate the emulsified water, however, heat treatment, chemical treatment, electrostatic treatment, or a combination of these treatments would be necessary in addition to gravity settling. This is discussed in Chapter 5. Therefore, it is advantageous to first separate the free water from the oil to minimize the treatment costs of the emulsion.
Along with the water and oil, gas will always be present and, therefore, must be separated from the liquid. The volume of gas depends largely on the producing and separation conditions. When the volume of gas is relatively small compared to the volume of liquid, the method used to separate free water, oil and gas is called a free-water knockout. In such a case, the separation of the water from oil will govern the design of the vessel. When there is a large volume of gas to be separated from the liquid (oil and water), the vessel is called a three-phase separator and either the gas capacity requirements or the water–oil separation constraints may govern the vessel design. Free-water knockout and three-phase separators
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